防水革

談談防水革

Waterproof leather or water repellent

如同所有的材料,皮革也是可以做到防水的功能,我們經常看到某些名貴的手錶強調防水功能,可以在水下五十米甚至一百米防水,但是除了專業人士外,誰會潛水到一百米深,大部分的人只要求洗澡或是游泳時可以防水就可以,現在很多手機也有防水功能了,但是我還是不想把手機放在水裏去試試,除非不小心丟入浴缸裏,但是雨中打電話可以防水就用得上場。防水革的出現,就是因為市場有需求,皮革工廠應用現代的科技,就可以把皮革做成具有防水功能。

在第一次世界大戰的時候,主要打的都是戰壕陣地戰,但是戰壕裏一遇到下雨天,就会變成了水溝,當時的英國軍人穿著皮革靴,腳泡在水裏一段時間後,就會變白甚至生瘡,雖然不致痛不欲生,但是會影響到作戰能力,當時把這種症狀叫作戰壕腳Trench Foot.可以看看2019年出品的電影,1917,描寫戰壕的鏡頭很多,一片泥濘的景象。

1982年英國與阿根庭為了福克蘭群島的主權而爆發了一場局部戰爭,在英國鉄娘子首相柴啓爾夫人領導下,英軍不止武器裝備較佳外,也把軍人穿著的鞋靴,改用防水革來製造,所以這場戰爭,英國雖然離開福克蘭群島有一萬二千公里遠,卻動用軍艦運送六千個兵力,打敗了一倍以上的阿根廷軍人,英國最後還是收復了福克蘭群島。

美國的伐木製材工業是很重要的建材來源,而且伐木地區泥濘不堪,所以防水革對於伐木工人是非常重要的,這就是為什麼名牌防水鞋TIMBERLAND會用林地這個名字,1973年他們推出了第一對具有防水功能的皮靴,現在已經是世界知名品牌(創立於1952年)。而且普遍應用在登山健行及工作等鞋類,甚至於高爾夫球鞋以及雪靴。而且美國的消防人員以及部分的軍鞋也有防水的要求外,也要有相當的防火功能。皮革工廠可以用現代的科技以及化工原料,達到這方面的客戶要求。

防水功能不是絕對的,通常有一定的測試標準,以及Maeser 及Bally兩種方式為主,由客戶的要求而決定,有動態的也有靜態的,通常也有時間以及容許滲水百分比的不同要求,畢竟人類不可能穿著鞋,在水裡面泡太久。

防水的化工原料,大部分是由有機硅(silicone),丙烯酸樹脂,以及特殊的油脂為主,目前臺灣不少的皮革工廠,都可以生產達到特定品牌的品質要求標準的防水革。

在此,順便一提防潑水效果的皮革,顧名思義,water repellent 就是不讓水停留在皮革表層,而會形成水珠而流下,因為水的最小分子如果不能進入皮革表面的保護膜,水就?能夠停留在皮革上面,進而有防潑水效果。如果時間太久,或是水量太大,這種防潑水效果就不能維持不變。這類化工廠品是屬於氟碳化物(Fluro-carbon). 美國公司3M是比較有名的供應商,當然也有其他的廠商生產。

理論上,所有的皮革都可以做到防水的功能,但是沒有這種必要,因為,皮革浸了水,還是可以用的,防水功能只是為一些必須在特殊工作環境的人員而做出的,是功能性需求,在外覌上是沒有差異。

真正防水鞋,使用防水革,因皮革車線針孔水會滲入,需用另道防水材質做內襯,內襯縫合處再貼上防水膠帶。

底部成型採用

stroble/double lasting作法。

內襯材料需能透氣又防水。測試相當嚴苛,將完成的內襯入楦頭,浸泡一段時間在有色澤水的容器,以辨識水是否滲入。

目前提供防水材料&技術有

gore tex和event,以gore Tex最負盛名。

Discussing Waterproof and Water-Repellent Leather

Introduction

Like any material, leather can be made waterproof. Today, waterproofing isn’t just for luxury watches but also extends to everyday items like smartphones. The advent of waterproof leather is driven by market demand, and with modern technology, leather factories can produce leather with waterproof capabilities.

Historical Context

During World War I, trench warfare was common. When it rained, the trenches turned into muddy pools, causing a condition known as Trench Foot among British soldiers who wore leather boots. The 2019 film “1917” portrays these muddy trenches vividly.

In 1982, during the Falklands War between the UK and Argentina, British soldiers were equipped with waterproof leather boots. Despite being 12,000 km away, the British forces were able to reclaim the Falkland Islands, thanks in part to their superior equipment.

Industrial Use

In the American logging industry, waterproof leather is vital due to the muddy conditions. This is why the brand Timberland, established in 1952, launched its first waterproof leather boots in 1973. Now a globally recognized brand, Timberland produces footwear for various activities, including hiking and work.

Material and Technology

Waterproofing in leather is often achieved using organic silicone, acrylic resins, and specialized fats and oils. Many leather factories in Taiwan can produce waterproof leather that meets specific brand quality standards.

Testing Standards

Waterproofing is usually tested by Maeser and Bally methods, depending on customer requirements. Tests may be dynamic or static and often have different time and water penetration allowances. After all, people aren’t expected to spend a long time submerged in water.

Water-Repellent Leather

Water-repellent leather causes water to bead up and roll off the surface. This is because the water molecules can’t penetrate the protective layer on the leather surface. Over time or with significant water exposure, this repellent effect can diminish. Such products often use fluoro-carbon compounds, with 3M being a well-known supplier.

Conclusion

In theory, any leather can be made waterproof, but it’s often not necessary. Leather can still be used after getting wet. Waterproofing is mainly for those who work in special environments; it’s a functional requirement rather than a cosmetic one.

Waterproof and water-repellent leathers are products of technological advancement and fulfill specific needs, from military use to industrial applications. As we continue to push the boundaries of what leather can do, its role in our lives becomes increasingly versatile.

資料來源:皮革與生活

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